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The role of weather indexed crop insurance in rural agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa
The Micro Insurance Agency presents past experience and future prospects at Rwandan Agricultural Insurance Workshop
Weather indexed crop insurance that provides protection for poor smallholder farmers against catastrophic drought was a key discussion topic at a Workshop on Agricultural Insurance hosted by the Rwandan Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI) on 9 to10 June. The Micro Insurance Agency was a major contributor to the forum, presenting its pioneering crop insurance product developed in Malawi since 2005.
The Rwandan Government has already launched a number of initiatives aimed at increasing the standard of life of the poor such as its programs for transferring conditional grants to municipalities for the purchase of essential health inputs. Health microinsurance schemes have provided an important impetus to these developments, and the Government has supported their continued expansion.
In a separate initiative, the Workshop now brings agricultural insurance firmly onto the agenda in Rwanda. In the face of the world food crisis, managing agricultural risk and providing protection for smallholder farmers has taken on an even greater significance. The Micro Insurance Agency is technical advisor to the World Bank on crop insurance in a number of countries in southern and east Africa. Since 2005 it has been developing and implementing indexed crop insurance products in Malawi aimed at providing a safety net for poor farmers in case of severe drought and as a means to stimulate rural economic development, and is well positioned to take a leading role in extending these products into Rwanda and other sub-Saharan countries.
The Micro Insurance Agency's crop insurance product has been designed to provide compensation to farmers when rainfall during a crop growing cycle is insufficient for farmers to grow and optimize their yields. For this model, drought is not measured by what happens in the field but by measuring the amount of rainfall received. Because it isn't possible to take measurements on each individual farm, rainfall levels are taken at local meteorological stations. Participating farmers within a 20 kilometer radius of a station are assumed to have received the same amount of rainfall and to be affected in a similar manner. In the case of severe drought, all farmers will receive compensation. The mechanism is simple, easy to administer, and payouts are automatic, so there is need for affected farmers to file a claim or an expensive loss verification procedure.
Indexed crop insurance provides a safety net that will prevent poor farmers falling back into destitution in the case of severe drought. But it is as an enabler of microcredit that microinsurance helps the rural poor take another step away from poverty and hunger. Small scale farmers have almost always been unable to access loans to purchase the improved farm inputs they desperately need to increase productivity and raise their living standards. Agricultural lending in areas prone to drought has simply been viewed as too high risk. And few farmers can provide any form of collateral. But with an insurance arrangement that will pay off part or all of the loan in case of severe drought, lenders are becoming increasingly willing to provide loans.
Shadreck Mapfumo, Micro Insurance Agency's Vice President for Crop Insurance, commented, "The Agricultural Insurance Workshop is a valuable initiative to discuss the role and implications of microinsurance in Rwanda. There have been good growing conditions since we introduced our model of weather indexed crop insurance in Malawi and consequently there have been no claims to date. But we have seen a significant impact on the livelihoods of poor farmers there as they have been able to access agricultural loans for the first time enabling them to purchase drought resistant seed and fertilizers. This has produced dramatic increases in yield, often well over 100%, and has also enabled farmers to diversify away from the staple maize into cash crops to supplement their incomes."
"Of course, there are many other factors involved, but we have seen the potential of microinsurance to play an important role in stimulating rural economies. And when drought does return, as it surely will one day, for those covered by insurance, the safety net is in place."
He added, "We are very grateful to MINAGRI for hosting this important workshop and optimistic that positive developments will result in the near future."
The Micro Insurance Agency
The Micro Insurance Agency is an insurance intermediary dedicated to serving poor people with an affordable and suitable range of insurance products. As the world's first stand-alone microinsurance agency, it is well positioned to create and offer scalable, simple and understandable life, credit, health, and crop insurance products. Through extensive market research and insurance expertise, products are designed to be affordable to the poor and sustainable for distributors and insurance companies. Established in 2005, the Micro Insurance Agency is a subsidiary of Opportunity International and currently serves 3.3 million lives in ten countries in Africa and Asia.
For more information, visit www.microinsuranceagency.com
Opportunity International
Opportunity International is committed to solving global poverty. Serving approximately 1.1 million people in 28 developing countries, Opportunity International is a pioneer in offering small business loans, savings, insurance and training in basic business practice to women and men living in chronic poverty. Founded in 1971 as one of the first microcredit lenders, Opportunity international provides small loans, sometimes as little as $50, and other services that allow poor entrepreneurs to start or expand a business, develop a steady income, provide for their families, and create jobs for their neighbours. Opportunity international maintains a network of offices across the globe, with US offices in Oak Brook, Ill. And san Diego.
For more information, visit www.opportunity.org
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